SQL Server and MS BI With a Geek Touch

Rank() function is used to give ranking to the records chosen through a select clause.  Rank function is very commonly used in the industry for many purposes.

The general syntax of rank function is

RANK ( )  OVER ( [  partition by < column_list > ]  order by  <column_list> )

The PARTITION BY clause divides the result set produced by the FROM clause into separate partitions. Rank is applied to each of these partion.

The ORDER BY  clause determines the order in which the RANK values are applied to the records in a partition.

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 In SQL server, creating a database is as simple as counting 1..2…3…

All you need to do is

1. open SQL server management studio
2. Expand your server node.
3. Right click on databases and choose the option new databases.

 

4. In general tab – Specify the name of the database and the path of data and log files

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Query to track all the indexes with fragmentation in a database.

SELECT 

OBJECT_NAME(object_id) AS TablelName

,(SELECT name FROM sys.indexes WHERE object_id = a.object_id and index_id = a.index_id) IndexName

,avg_fragmentation_in_percent

FROM sys.dm_db_index_physical_stats(DB_ID(‘<<DatabaseName>>’), NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL) a

WHERE avg_fragmentation_in_percent > 40

AND index_type_desc IN(‘CLUSTERED INDEX’, ‘NONCLUSTERED INDEX’)

ORDER BY avg_fragmentation_in_percent DESC

The <<DatabaseName>> needs to be filled with the database of your choice.

There was a time when we all wished SQL Server supports compound operators just like any other programming languages. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a shorter syntax for assigning the result of an arithmetic operator?  Well, SQL server 2008 introduced Compound operators that allow you to perform several arithmetic operations using an operand along with equal to (=) operand.

 For example:

Declare @var1  int

Set @var1 = 150

Set @var1 += 100

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SQL server usually selects the best query plan required to execute a T-SQL query. However, there might be cases where the plans selected are not the best. In such situations, you can use the query hints to suggest the best possible plan/method of executing a query. The Query hints can be applied on all operators in a query. These hints apply to SELECT, DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE and MERGE. You can use the Query hints in the OPTION clause after the query.

Few commonly used Query hints with examples are as below.

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 By using “Merge”, you can perform insert, delete and update on a table in a single SQL statement. This helps in synchronizing the tables as well.

However while using merge there are several points that you need to keep in mind. Few

• In a “Merge” statement, a “When Matched” clause with a search condition cannot appear after a ‘When Matched’ clause with no search condition.
• A “Merge” statement must be terminated by a semi-colon (;).
• An action of type ‘DELETE’ is not allowed in the ‘WHEN NOT MATCHED’ clause of a MERGE statement.
• At least one of the three MATCHED clauses must be specified, but they can be specified in any order. A variable cannot be updated more than once in the same MATCHED clause.
• Any insert, update, or delete actions specified on the target table by the MERGE statement are limited by any constraints defined on it, including any cascading referential integrity constraints.

Few examples of merge are as given below.

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Everyone reading this must have come across these datatypes, but have you ever thought what are the differences and advantages between these two?

The obvious difference that comes to our mind is related to the length. Yes! You are right. The varchar supports variable length and Char supports fixed length. This is the main advantage varchar datatype. for example,  let us consider varchar(10) and char(10) . To store “GEEKEPISODE”, both the datatypes will use the complete length allocated and to store “GEEK”, CHAR datatype will use the complete 10 characters  allocated, but VARCHAR will use only 4.

From the above examples it might seem that VARCHAR is better than CHAR all the time. But remember, CHAR was included as a separate datatype because it has certain advantages over VARCHAR.

VARCHAR uses additional space to store the length of the string stored in it and to mark the end of the string. Whereas, CHAR datatype doesn’t use this additional space.  This certainly is the advantage of CHAR datatype.

Summary:

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I often create batch files to execute sql scripts ( specially SPs) and then schedule it using SQL agent job/Task Scheduler. In this post , I will show you how to create a batch file with sql commands.

First of all, The command that is used to execute SQL queries from commnd prompt is “SQLCMD“. The general syntax of this command is available in the link. I will go with a simple one as below

sqlcmd –E –S Servername –Q Query -o “Output Path”

C:\Users\geekEpisodes>  sqlcmd -E -S “Local-SRV01″ -Q “Select top 10 * from MyTestDatabase..[ForecastHistory]” -o “C:\New Folder\Output.txt”

All the commands that you execute in the command prompt can be executed from batch/command files. to create a batch file with SQL commands follow the steps below

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The Soundex code was developed to help negate the effects of all the spelling variations that can occur for similar sounding names ( Smith, Smithe, Smythe, etc.).  This way, users can index records based on a Soundex code based on the sound  and “not” by how it is spelled.

The Soundex system is not infallible – the surnames Gough and Goff sound the same (Goff), but a different code is formed for these two names.  Soundex can however be used to a great extent to get a desired result ( atleast closer to a desired result) This is a commonly used algorithm by many researchers.

In SQL a string function is available for this and is usually comes handy.  The function is SOUNDEX().

It accepts a string (name ) as parameter and returns a 4 character code. This code is known as the soundex code of the name/string passed as parameter.

example:

Select Soundex(‘Smith’)   O/P: S580

Select Soundex(‘Smithe’)   O/P: S580

SELECT  SOUNDEX(‘GREEN’)   O/P: G652

Another use of this is against an user entered field where you need to look for a specific word, but the words might be mispelled( although it may not yield 100% result).

RAISERROR statement is used to return error messages to the business applications that executes SQL statements. The usual errors returned by the SQL server may not make much sense to the business applications users hence we overwrite it by using RAISERROR to display meaningful messages. The statement uses same format as a system error or warning messages generated by SQL server.

You can return a user-defined error message by using RAISERROR.  The general syntax is as below

RAISERROR ( { msg_id | msg_str | @local_variable }

    { ,severity ,state }

    [ ,argument [ ,...n ] ] )

    [ WITH option [ ,...n ] ]

ExamplesRAISERROR (‘Error raised in TRY block.’, — Message text.

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